Pertussis (Whooping Cough)
Pertussis is a highly contagious respiratory infection. Get treatment today.
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What is Pertussis?
Table Of Contents
Causes and Risk Factors
Pertussis spreads through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. The risk of infection increases in crowded settings or among individuals who have not been vaccinated. Factors that may contribute to the severity of pertussis include:
- Lack of immunization or incomplete vaccination
- Close contact with an infected individual
- Underlying lung conditions, such as asthma or chronic bronchitis
Symptoms
Pertussis symptoms develop in stages, typically over several weeks:
- Early Stage (Catarrhal Phase) – Symptoms resemble a mild cold, including:
- Runny nose
- Mild fever
- Occasional cough
- Sneezing
- Paroxysmal Stage – Severe coughing fits develop, often followed by:
- A “whooping” sound when inhaling after a cough
- Difficulty breathing
- Vomiting after coughing episodes
- Fatigue due to persistent coughing
- Recovery Stage (Convalescent Phase) – Coughing fits gradually decrease but may persist for weeks
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of pertussis includes a review of symptoms, medical history, and diagnostic tests such as:
- Nasopharyngeal swab – A sample is collected from the back of the nose and throat to detect Bordetella pertussis.
- Blood tests – Used to check for signs of infection.
- Chest X-ray – Helps rule out pneumonia or other lung infections.
Treatment and Management
Early treatment is crucial in reducing the severity of pertussis. By seeking prompt medical attention, you can actively manage the infection and prevent its spread. Management options include:
- Antibiotics – These are typically prescribed to eliminate the infection and prevent its spread. They work by killing the Bordetella pertussis bacteria in the body, reducing the severity and duration of the illness. Common antibiotics used to treat pertussis include azithromycin, clarithromycin, and erythromycin.
- Supportive Care – In addition to antibiotics, supportive care measures can help ease pertussis symptoms and promote recovery. These include staying well-hydrated, getting plenty of rest, and using a humidifier to keep the air moist, which can help soothe the throat and reduce coughing.
- Hospitalization – Infants and severe cases may require hospitalization for oxygen therapy and respiratory support.
Pensacola Lung Group provides expert care in respiratory infections, offering diagnosis, treatment, and patient education to manage pertussis effectively.
Prevention
The most effective way to prevent pertussis is through vaccination. The DTaP vaccine (for children) and Tdap booster (for adolescents and adults) provide protection against pertussis, diphtheria, and tetanus. Additional preventive measures include:
- Practicing good hand hygiene
- Avoiding close contact with infected individuals
- Keeping up with recommended booster shots
Frequently Asked Questions
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How long is pertussis contagious?
Pertussis is most contagious during the early stages and up to two weeks after the onset of severe coughing. Antibiotic treatment can shorten this period.
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Can adults get pertussis?
Yes, adults can contract pertussis, especially if they have not received the Tdap booster. Symptoms in adults may be milder but can still lead to complications.
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What complications can pertussis cause?
Severe cases can lead to pneumonia, rib fractures from intense coughing, dehydration, and, in infants, potentially life-threatening breathing difficulties.
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Is there a specific treatment for infants with pertussis?
Infants are at higher risk for complications and may require hospitalization for oxygen therapy, IV fluids, and close monitoring.
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How often should adults get a pertussis booster?
The Tdap booster is recommended once during adulthood and during each pregnancy to protect newborns.
